Valuation frameworks for crypto assets

Smart Contract Platforms / L1s & L2s

Execution and settlement networks evaluated through fee generation, app capital, stablecoin activity, staking, and ecosystem depth.

Static methodology preview. Live data pipeline planned. Not investment advice.

Valuation Framework Categories

The model set is selected for the economic behavior of this asset class.

Fee economicsSettlement activityNetwork effects

Class Bubble Map

Static class view of valuation gap and evidence quality.

L1s & L2s Bubble Map

Static methodology preview. Live data pipeline not yet connected.

Premium to model-implied value Discount to model-implied value Model-implied parity Asset Evidence ETH L1s & L2s ETH: valuation gap 11%, evidence 82/100 11% 82 SOL L1s & L2s SOL: valuation gap 14%, evidence 76/100 14% 76 ADA L1s & L2s ADA: valuation gap 19%, evidence 76/100 19% 76 NEAR L1s & L2s NEAR: valuation gap 19%, evidence 76/100 19% 76 POL L1s & L2s POL: valuation gap 19%, evidence 76/100 19% 76 STRK L1s & L2s STRK: valuation gap 19%, evidence 76/100 19% 76 TRX L1s & L2s TRX: valuation gap 14%, evidence 73/100 14% 73 HBAR L1s & L2s HBAR: valuation gap 14%, evidence 73/100 14% 73 ATOM L1s & L2s ATOM: valuation gap 14%, evidence 73/100 14% 73 OP L1s & L2s OP: valuation gap 14%, evidence 73/100 14% 73 AVAX L1s & L2s AVAX: valuation gap 8%, evidence 70/100 8% 70 ALGO L1s & L2s ALGO: valuation gap 8%, evidence 70/100 8% 70 TIA L1s & L2s TIA: valuation gap 8%, evidence 70/100 8% 70 BNB L1s & L2s BNB: valuation gap -8%, evidence 69/100 -8% 69 SUI L1s & L2s SUI: valuation gap 3%, evidence 67/100 3% 67 ICP L1s & L2s ICP: valuation gap 3%, evidence 67/100 3% 67 SEI L1s & L2s SEI: valuation gap 3%, evidence 67/100 3% 67 APT L1s & L2s APT: valuation gap 3%, evidence 67/100 3% 67 TON L1s & L2s TON: valuation gap -3%, evidence 64/100 -3% 64 DOT L1s & L2s DOT: valuation gap -3%, evidence 64/100 -3% 64 KAS L1s & L2s KAS: valuation gap -3%, evidence 64/100 -3% 64 MON L1s & L2s MON: valuation gap -3%, evidence 64/100 -3% 64 CVL Valuation Gap
X-axis: Composite Model-Implied FDV / Actual FDV - 1 Row labels keep every asset visible; evidence score is shown at right Size: FDV or market cap Border: method confidence Opacity: data completeness

Models & Implied Value

Each model states what it measures and where its confidence breaks down.

Fee economics

Fee Multiple

Capitalizes fee generation using explicit multiple assumptions.

Model-implied value method Applies a fee multiple range to annualized fees.

Core inputs

annualized feesfee multiplefee quality

Fees and tokenholder capture are separate questions.

Yield lens

Fee Yield

Frames fees relative to network value as a yield-like metric.

Model-implied value method Computes implied value from target fee yield assumptions.

Core inputs

annualized feestarget yieldnet capture

Yield language can overstate cash-flow similarity.

Capital base

TVL Multiple

Compares network value with capital held in protocols or applications.

Model-implied value method Applies a TVL multiple range to adjusted TVL.

Core inputs

TVLcapital qualitymultiple range

TVL is not revenue and may move quickly across chains.

Settlement activity

Stablecoin Settlement

Uses stablecoin supply and transfer activity as a settlement demand proxy.

Model-implied value method Applies a settlement multiple to stablecoin supply and throughput.

Core inputs

stablecoin supplytransfer volumeretention

Stablecoin activity can be application-specific and low margin.

Ecosystem value

App Capital

Maps the capital and fees of major applications back to the base network.

Model-implied value method Aggregates app capital and applies an ecosystem capture rate.

Core inputs

app valueapp feesbase-layer capture

Attribution between apps and base network is subjective.

Adoption

Network Effects

Links active users, developers, and capital depth to network value.

Model-implied value method Scores network depth and converts it into scenario weights.

Core inputs

active usersdeveloperscapital depthretention

Adoption quality matters more than raw activity counts.

Supply structure

Staking / Float Scarcity

Adjusts model value for staking participation and effective float.

Model-implied value method Applies float and staking adjustments to base model ranges.

Core inputs

staking ratioliquid floatunlock schedule

Staked supply can re-enter markets under stress.

Settlement layer

Ecosystem Settlement

Evaluates the asset as a settlement and collateral layer for ecosystem activity.

Model-implied value method Maps settlement activity to a network-value range.

Core inputs

settlement volumecollateral useapplication breadth

Requires distinguishing economic settlement from mechanical transfers.

Method Ratings

Method confidence reflects evidence quality, source availability, and token-level capture clarity.

High confidence

76/100

Fee and settlement evidence

Fees, stablecoin settlement, TVL, and staking create a workable multi-model base.

Medium confidence

61/100

Tokenholder capture

Value capture varies by fee policy, staking design, and layer architecture.

Scenario Simulator

A local assumption shell for testing scenario sensitivity without live data.

Scenario sensitivity

Smart contract platform scenario

Model-implied FDV $120.0B

Static methodology preview. Changes here recompute a local scenario number only.

Source Trail

Planned source families for turning this framework into a data-backed dashboard.

CoinGecko

price, market cap, FDV, supply, and volume

DefiLlama

TVL, fees, revenue, and DeFi volumes

Coin Metrics

BTC-style realized cap, MVRV, and network metrics

Dune or manual source trails

custom on-chain datasets and methodology notes

Asset List

Assets currently mapped to this valuation class.

Asset Class Model coverage Data completeness Tokenholder capture Confidence Link
ETH Ethereum L1s & L2s High 84/100 Partial 78/100 Open
BNB BNB L1s & L2s High 73/100 Partial 64/100 Open
SOL Solana L1s & L2s High 79/100 Partial 70/100 Open
TRX TRON L1s & L2s High 74/100 Partial 63/100 Open
ADA Cardano L1s & L2s High 62/100 Partial 68/100 Open
TON Toncoin L1s & L2s High 66/100 Partial 73/100 Open
SUI Sui L1s & L2s High 70/100 Partial 63/100 Open
AVAX Avalanche L1s & L2s High 74/100 Partial 68/100 Open
HBAR Hedera L1s & L2s High 62/100 Partial 73/100 Open
NEAR NEAR Protocol L1s & L2s High 66/100 Partial 63/100 Open
DOT Polkadot L1s & L2s High 70/100 Partial 68/100 Open
ICP Internet Computer L1s & L2s High 74/100 Partial 73/100 Open
ALGO Algorand L1s & L2s High 62/100 Partial 63/100 Open
ATOM Cosmos Hub L1s & L2s High 66/100 Partial 68/100 Open
POL Polygon Ecosystem Token L1s & L2s High 70/100 Partial 73/100 Open
KAS Kaspa L1s & L2s High 74/100 Partial 63/100 Open
SEI Sei L1s & L2s High 62/100 Partial 68/100 Open
TIA Celestia L1s & L2s High 66/100 Partial 73/100 Open
OP Optimism L1s & L2s High 70/100 Partial 63/100 Open
STRK Starknet L1s & L2s High 74/100 Partial 68/100 Open
MON Monad L1s & L2s High 62/100 Partial 73/100 Open
APT Aptos L1s & L2s High 66/100 Partial 63/100 Open